Michael Shear informs us that there are a lot of data points fans hit when they attend a game. They are hitting data points when they use their mobile devices to buy tickets, enter the building or come in through a particular gate. Data points also track where the crowd goes once the game starts, whether they stay in their seats during halftime or leave, if they visit the concession stand and what their food and beverage choices are. This information is all pertinent.

He tells us that one of the first questions he was asked when he started was how many people turned left when they came into the main entrance of the building. This seemed like an off-the-wall question until he realized that Budweiser asked it. They were asking because they had signage to the left of the main bar and wanted to know how many impressions they were getting right out of the gate.

The way that he figured out the answer to that question was by looking at the ticket scans. Out of all the people who had their tickets scanned at the main entrance, he could deduce how many of them went to the concession stands on the left-hand side. From there, he figured out the percentage.

Sports Management Improves With Technology

Years later, after gaining more advanced Wi-Fi systems and mobile ticketing devices, he and his colleagues were able to verify that the initial hypotheses and percentages they came up with were correct. This showed that things were only becoming more impactful. As we enter more of the mobile space, teams are now relying on these things. They include mobile ticketing, mobile transactions, cashless arenas and other items of that nature.

We’re talking about broader data sets and how to manage them. How are teams going to capitalize on that, whether it’s to drive ticket sales or sponsorship sales? These data sets are only getting more extensive and more complicated to manage. They continue to be a challenge because teams need to focus on the fan experience. In some instances, a data warehouse would be beneficial.

What separates going to a live event or game from watching it in the comfort of your own home? This is the challenge that teams have to figure out. The data helps to leverage the personalization aspect and help put fans in seats.

Michael Shear says that when he first started this job, he thinks it was right at the beginning of the trend of leveraging data and analytics in sports. For example, there weren’t many teams that even had an analytic team or an analysis department. He and his associates more or less acted as the CRM (Customer Relationship Management) for the team.

Some teams were just using their ticketing system as a CRM platform, so they didn’t really know that much about their buyers. They weren’t aware of who the ticket holder’s favorite players were or what size shirt they wore. These details can come into play as marketing tactics. Before mobile ticketing, it wasn’t possible to accurately know the fans. You could know who purchased the hard ticket, but you couldn’t know who they were bringing with them.

The Future of Global Sports Relies on CRM

Now, things are definitely more about the big data aspects. The advent of mobile technology has made a major difference. Teams now have entire departments devoted to analytics and business strategy. For example, the CRM of a sports team usually has to keep track of their fans. So, a fan buys a mobile ticket, and that sale goes into the CRM platform, which allows you to track that ticket’s behavior. For instance, you can follow what the fans are buying and what they like to buy, where they live, their geography, their demographics, if they’re married, if they have kids and things of that nature. This is a way for the service team to keep that line of communication open and try to either upscale the fan or personalize their experience.

“With data analytics, there are a number of different opportunities not only on the field, but off the field,” says Dr. Brandon Brown. “You can be a data analytics tracker in terms of understanding which metrics are going to influence game outcome.”

“One key career that I see moving forward in the sport industry,” adds Dr. Andrea N. Geurin, “especially related to marketing and sports management, is going to be in the marketing analytics space. This is where people have the ability to take a lot of data and look at it and make decisions and understand how that data impacts the organization. Everything that is done in marketing — it does have a very creative twist to it now — is very much tied to data. And data is driving the decisions that we make.”

So in marketing analytics, business analytics is a really important role that organizations need and will be hiring for. I think in terms of marketing and global sports, it’s also a space where people working in sports marketing need to have the ability to use digital media. They need to be able to do video editing. They need to be able to put little promotions together.

They need to have really strong writing skills because when you put something out on social media, again, it needs to have a specific voice, a tone. It needs to just kind of match the brand. So, having the ability to write well and write in different voices is an important skill. Digital media managers and social media managers will be hugely important for sport organizations as we move forward.

Sales is a hugely important piece to every organization. A lot of people, when they start their career in sports, will look to starting in sales. One of the reasons that’s so important is because if you work in sales — and you can show that you have added this much value to the organization this year — that’s a really great personal marketing piece to be able to move up through the organization and to continue a career in that organization or in that field.

Sales gives you some really hard numbers that you can point to in terms of saying, “I created this many new clients this year, or I generated this much in sales this year.” It’s a really important career that sometimes gets overlooked, but it can definitely lead to moving through an organization very quickly.

In the past, I’ve taught sport sales courses. My students have always done hands-on projects where we’ve worked with an organization. The students actually have to get on the phone, cold call people who might want to buy tickets. They have to learn to sell, but they get a lot of guidance from the organization.

It’s been absolutely wonderful for those students because some of them were able to get internships or jobs with the organization that we partnered with in the sports management education course. It introduced them to the idea that, “I could go into sales. This is a really valuable skill.”

I’ve seen so many of my former students who have taken positions in sales. Their careers have skyrocketed within a few years because they did really well at that role, and they were able to move up quickly in organizations and also to get new opportunities with other exciting organizations.

There are so many parts of the sports ecosystem. We tend to think that it starts out with teams or players and fans. But it’s so much more. Sports touches so many different parts of our world. It touches business. It touches government. It touches the nonprofit sector.

Almost everywhere that you turn, there’s probably something that, in some way or another, is connected to sports and sports management. Maybe the drink that you have by your side right now is a company that sponsors something in sports, or sports sponsors something that the company is doing. Or, maybe it’s both.

This really speaks to where global sports is at today in our world. Sports is a reflection of society, and society is a reflection of sports. It’s really something that, in today’s world, in today’s day and age, the relationships of companies, of organizations, and institutions, really connect around sports. Sports, increasingly, is a way to develop all of those.

This is information provided in the sports management education course.

Is golf a sport? The Supreme Court said in the case of Casey vs. The PGA that basic ambulatory skill walking is not required in golf. Casey was disabled. He said, “I don’t need to walk in between holes.”

PGA said, “Yes, you do.”

“Well, that’s not what golf is,” said Casey. “It’s just hitting a ball. I don’t have to walk.”

How can you call something a sport? Walking isn’t needed, but it’s a sport. Is it a sport just because it’s on ESPN? Poker is on ESPN. Is that a sport? Is hot dog eating contest a sport? What tells me it’s a sport? Is it training? Is it practice? Is it competition?

Competition. That’s what it is. Well, brain surgeons are competitive. Are they athletes? Artists are competitive. Are they athletes?

You get to this question very quickly in sports management when you start to talk about esports. Are these people athletes? Well, if you think about the classic athletic traits of speed, strength, endurance, I don’t know. It’s hard to say.

Who wins a running race? A fast baseball player, a fast golfer, or a typical esports athlete? Are they athletes or is just this something that we put the word sports on, put the structure of professional sports around it to make money off of it, and then we say to ourselves, “Yeah, that’s a sport.”

It’s a sport because they have reflexes like a race car driver. It’s a sport because they have to sit for a long time. It’s a sport because of concentration. I suppose you could make up all kinds of arguments for and against. There’s a definition of what is sports business that the North American Sports Management Association provides, and roughly, it says, pretty much anything: anything that’s sports related in global sports or any activity involved in or related to sports.

So, you see, lots of things begin to become sports business. The answer really is, when we’re talking about sports business, we’re not always talking about sports. That’s important because you may run into an existential problem with the business you’re running when people no longer are turned on by the activity or turned on by the human quality that makes a human or one human exceptional vis-a-vis another human. All that you’re really interested in is the pop cultural or commercial elements of the enterprise.

I don’t know if esports is a sport. I don’t watch it.

These are existential problems to consider for students in sports management education.

In sponsorship, an activation is what really brings that sponsorship to life. The sponsoring company and sports organization have come to an agreement. They’ve signed a contract, but then beyond that contract, there are these activities that we call activations. And that’s where the sports property and the sponsor will work together. They say, ‘OK, what can we do creatively to make our consumers aware that this sponsorship exists but also potentially to give our fans and our consumers a sample of the sponsor’s product or the sponsor’s service?

Some examples of that would be signage featuring a Coca-Cola logo that goes all around the entire stadium. Other examples might include names that come up on a board or ‘this is the Halftime show brought to you by AT&T.’ Some of the more intricate activations include Taco Bell’s “Steal a Base, Steal a Taco” promotion or when Lucas Oil Stadium had an in-arena store. Those are all examples of activations, and now that you understand that, take a look around the Barclays center and ask, ‘where are there opportunities to activate sponsorships?’ So if you had a sponsor, what would you do in this particular arena to activate it?

New Sports Management Promotional Opportunities

What makes Barclays Center a little bit more unique than any other arena here in the tri-state area is being in literally the center of Brooklyn. Brooklyn did not have a world-class global sports venue of that spectrum or of that size until five years ago when Barclays Center moved. We pick up markets similar to Madison Square Garden as well as a very new kind of Brooklyn market. So besides the shape, which is obviously a unique factor of Barclays Center, I think the location is important from a marketing perspective. From my understanding, the Oculus is supposed to be immediately eye-captivating. So you walk in, and you kind of feel like you’re in a big space even though you’re outdoors. And the Oculus within the circle is just a large LCD television displaying different videos and marketing pieces 24 hours a day, whether it’s the Nets or upcoming concerts. So, even if people are in the nearby mall, they still can glance over and see what’s coming up at Barclays Center.

Sports Management Education and Next Generation Mobile Marketing

An activation is basically interactive marketing. A customer feels like they’re putting their hands on the brand a little bit. And so we have a number of partners, especially here in spirit partners, where a brand will put their name on the label of a bar. Most of our partnerships are on contract years, and as a contract year ends, we might rotate a new partner in. Most of our in-arena activation is constantly full because of a very high demand for the Brooklyn market. A lot of brands love associating themselves with Barclays Center so they can get their name out there. The LED lighting that we have at the arena-not just the Jumbotron, but all the LED lighting around the arena-is just additional marketing collateral. And for our brands, it’s another way for them to associate themselves with Barclays Center. I know a lot of our health partners put their ads on those LCD screens. It’s just a way to highlight a deal they have going on or get their name out there.

Measuring impressions is probably one of the most exciting new data studies I think arenas are doing. There’s so much constantly growing and changing with that. The most obvious is scan, so we know exactly how many people come into the arena. So if it’s something big like the center Jumbotron, we’ll do count scans. Chances are everyone that entered the arena saw the Jumbotron, but if we’re looking at an LED light on the suite level, then we’re only looking at specific suite buyers or specific suite scans. We also have different activations that are just temporary. American Express has their own little box on our concourse, and we’ll have video games and interactive material in that box, and we can actually measure how many people walk in and out. I know a number of arenas are doing other very interesting things with impressions. A lot of people have sensors on the ground so they can feel how hard people step if they’re getting really excited and measure impressions that way. It’s getting very interesting.

Everyone’s phone has a Mac address that’s unique to that cell phone. So, when someone uses their app, it allows us to provide them with a better experience. We can see the concession stands they visit more frequently. We can gauge sentiment off social media pages, and we can also remarket to them very specifically based on what they like. Because BSE is a brick franchise, we have a number of arenas and venues. If they’re simply just a Nets fan, we’ll only market Nets. If they’re just an Islanders fan that only goes to games in Nassau Coliseum, we’ll only market that material. Having Mac IDs and cell phone data makes that a lot easier than just through email. So what we’re doing with the Mac ID is really an immediate remarketing campaign. If you like something on Facebook that’s Nets Team specific, we will then promote a Nets package to you. So it’s a very, very targeted program that uses that cell phone data.

One of the first things that happened in media history was the inclusion of a sports page in the newspaper. This happened in the 1800s when there were penny papers. The newspapers really needed to figure out how they could sell their papers to new audiences and people who weren’t already reading it. Sporting news was a great way to achieve that goal.

So, they began including a page on sports. A new kind of customer base came in and wanted to read about that. It really helped to legitimize sports as a force in society. That’s one of the only things that you can pick up the paper and really know it has its own section.

Radio’s Role in Global Sports Media History and the Need for Sports Management Education

That’s one piece of sports media history. Obviously, following newspapers, we had radio, where people could sit at home and listen to broadcasts of games. Even if they weren’t in that city, they could still feel like they knew what was happening in the game, and they didn’t have to wait until the next day’s newspaper came out to read about it.

Television Contributes to Media and Online Sports Management Education

From there, the evolution goes into television. One of the unique aspects of sports is that nobody really wants to watch a game that has already happened because it’s too easy to find out what the outcome was, especially today with the internet. There was one monumental game that in 1997 was actually voted the most popular network broadcast of a sporting event ever.

Wearable devices have become such a valuable tool for sports teams. Not only does it help us evaluate talent, but it can also help us develop and coach talent because it provides feedback to the athlete. By providing feedback to the athlete, it allows us to monitor his or her actions on a real-time basis. Wearable devices have become a valuable tool for global sports organizations and athletes, as well as sports management. Wearable devices can monitor athletes’ fitness and wellness. It can also monitor capability in different athletic movements.

It not only can be used to evaluate athletes, but it can also be used to develop, train, and provide real-time feedback. This is really important because athletes are often looking to succeed at the highest level and particularly elite athletes. Sports management education explains the evolving technology. It states that instead of just being used in an evaluative sense, we’re allowing wearables now to be employed as coaching devices.

There’s another reason why the business of sports is different from most other businesses. It’s because of the human element. On the sports stage, athletes can play out the virtues of grace under pressure, courage, leadership, and winning and losing. Sports is a really good stage on which to play out social conditions, and social conditions, when they’re properly understood, can be leveraged to create a better sports management business opportunity.

Here’s what I mean. Look at 1971, the first fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. In 1971, Muhammad Ali had been out of the sport because he had protested going into the Army and the Vietnam War. He had called America a country that was unfair in matters of race, and he had given up all his wealth from his chosen profession of boxing to stand on those principles.

He became a symbol of peace on one side of the issues in a very polarized America, and then he wanted to come back and fight. And Joe Frazier, the African-American heavyweight champion, was willing to fight Muhammad Ali. No one else would. Ali boldly claimed, “And this may shock and amaze you. But I will destroy Joe Frazier.”

Only Ali so sharply understood the divisions in America. He wasn’t just interested in promoting a boxing match for a global sports payday; he was interested in creating an entire culture around him. His interest was much larger than just focusing on boxing fans. Ali began to promote the fight not just as Muhammad Ali coming back to fight the current heavyweight champion — even on its own, a very compelling contest.

Instead, Ali framed the fight in more dramatic terms, “You see that guy over there? He’s an Uncle Tom. He represents the other side of the issues. He represents one kind of America. I represent another. Didn’t you know?”

And so it was no longer just for sports fans or boxing fans. It was for anybody who was thinking and breathing and who had an opinion during this intensely polarized time of differences of opinion. In other words, he took this contest from being just a boxing match and made it into something that was interesting to everybody.

The same thing happened when Billie Jean King played tennis against Bobby Riggs. Bobby Riggs wasn’t really a male chauvinist; Bobby Riggs was a gambler. As he once said, “If I can’t play for big money, I play for little money. And if I can’t play for a little money, I stay in bed that day.”

Riggs was trying to pay off his gambling debts and needed to figure out a way to create himself a payday. He looked around for the most divisive issue right then in 1973. Women’s liberation was a top contender, so he took the stance of saying that women shouldn’t be playing tennis.

At a time when women were on the rise, there was a charismatic leader named Billie Jean King. She didn’t even play the match, but Riggs created this utterly compelling match-up. It wasn’t between Bobby Riggs and Billie Jean King but between the oldest match-up in the world: man versus woman.

There was a lot riding on this event while Bobby Riggs looked at it as sort of a joke. The implications of this match for sports management education were high. People were watching to see what would happen for women’s rights and the expectations of women’s abilities. And Billie Jean King took the match, and she won. Because of that, we’ve seen a lot of changes in online sports management education.

Those changes have included the evolution of Title IX in the collegiate setting, which says that sports programs have to ensure equal opportunity for women to compete. So while big football and big basketball are generating most of the money for collegiate sports programs that money has to be redistributed to ensure opportunity for women to compete as well.

How do teams make money? They make money now in almost any way you could imagine, as long as it touches on something related to sports. What does that mean? It means that in the past, we looked at team revenues in terms of ticket sales, then in terms of merchandise, and some of the other ways that we think about going to the game.

Sports Management Education Examines Added Revenue Streams

But over time, certainly, over the past 50 years, we’ve seen revenue come in major numbers, in billions of dollars through television rights. Now we increasingly see it coming through all the ways we get to watch our games. As if that’s not enough, enter sports betting and all sorts of things online, including E-sports.

Television Revenue in Sports Management

Television revenue for the past 30 or so years has been a major driver of revenue for sports clubs and franchises anywhere in the world. Now what we’re starting to see, of course, is that it’s not just about watching them on television. We also watch on a second screen, which is kind of interesting, because it’s now for many people become the first screen.

Global Sports Access

Anywhere and anyway people are accessing sports, whether it’s a game, a behind the scenes video, or a little piece of the action that you didn’t even know existed, all of that is worth many billions of dollars to teams and the players who play on those teams, plus the players we watch in individual sports, like golf or tennis.

The relationship between athletes and the media has changed significantly. Nowadays, athletes don’t necessarily need to rely on the news media to share their stories, successes, or activities. In addition to social media, sports organizations and sports management have the ability to share their own news now. In the past, they were reliant on traditional media, television stations, and newspapers for these things.

Social Media Is the Future of Global Sports

In some ways, social media has given athletes more power of their own. This freedom has empowered them to tell their stories. But, in another sense, this has made things more difficult for them because they have to stay on top of social media all the time. They have to constantly check on what people are saying and posting. As a result, we almost see the media reporting on what happens on social media now, rather than, just covering breaking news stories the way they used to.