How Sneaker Culture Began and Continues to Develop

You cannot talk about the popularity of sneakers without acknowledging their origins as part of the hip hop culture. Since the birth of hip hop in the 70s, sneakers have been the official footwear for the global phenomenon.

Sneakers Represent a Movement

Hip hop and its related elements were all about anti-establishment, youthful expression, and creativity. So it was only natural that sneakers represented that movement when you think about all the places you couldn’t go wearing them. They weren’t allowed in 70s clubs, churches, or restaurants. You couldn’t show up to work wearing sneakers or get married in them.

Sneakers were a marginalizing piece of footwear, but they created a stereotype of what kind of person you were. If you wore sneakers all the time, folks didn’t view you as living up to your full potential in becoming what you aspired to be.

Hip Hop Represented its Own Rules

In the hip hop culture, sneakers were part of the experience of expressing yourself through things like B-boying, graffiti, DJing, and MCing. This experience transformed into the rules that governed being a true hip hop person.

Furthermore, there were rules of originality that manifested through sneakers. These abiding rules still apply today. If my friend and I showed up somewhere wearing the same sneakers, we would have to find a way to make them look different. We would change the laces, use bleach, or spray paint stripes on them. These different methods were being used to ensure that we abided by the original hip hop rules. In the quest to make sure that we lived up to those rules came the birth of customized sneakers. These were created as a basic bonafide everyday way to honor the rules of hip hop. You can never disassociate what sneakers are today from the origins of the hip hop culture.

Run-DMC Recognition

In the early 80s, record labels were signing more hip hop artists, which led to more visibility and served as a reflection and representation of inner-city life. This was a pivotable moment for sneakers.

During the Raising Hell Tour at Madison Square Garden in 1986, Run-DMC performed their song called “My Adidas.” This song was a response to another song called “Fell Into Sneakers,” which was a disparaging song about people who wear sneakers. The lyrics sang about “felony cases committed by brothers with phat shoelaces.”

During Run-DMC’s live performance of “My Adidas,” they requested that concert-goers take their Adidas sneakers off and put them in the air. Some of those attendees were Adidas executives. Thousands of fans in the arena waved their shoes in the air.

The Adidas executives instantly saw the influence that the urban community had on trending and branding long before those words even existed. They saw how powerful the urban community could be when they got behind a particular product.

Shortly after that performance, Adidas gave Run-DMC an endorsement deal. This was huge because it was the first non-athletic endorsement deal by a global sportswear brand, let alone a sneaker company.

This endorsement spoke to the fact that Run-DMC were great ambassadors for what was already happening in the urban communities. Especially in New York, where they represented being from Queens. It also showed that no matter where their worldwide fame and stardom took them, the urban and hip hop aesthetic and rules went with them.

Laces Tied to the Hip Hop Culture

When it comes to sneaker education, you’ll learn that a lot of it is based on making the most of the little that you have. I came from a time when it wasn’t about having the most expensive or most colorful sneakers. It was just about being fresh, which meant that everything you had on was washed and clean. So when you live in a neighborhood where everyone has Bobos, you want to rock my Bobos fresher than everyone else.

For me, it started with the lacing styles. It wasn’t about having the most fly shoes. I was rocking hand-me-downs from my older cousins. We came from pretty humble beginnings, so we were just trying to have fun and be fresh at the same time. At the time, canvas sneakers and light suede basketball sneakers were the most popular. Chuck Taylors, City Brocades, Puma Clydes, and 69ers were more affordable options.

Shells were the opportunity of the day because they were on the higher end of affordable for the people in the hood at the time. But it wasn’t really about how much the sneakers cost; it was about being fresh and staying fresh. I knew dudes that would get a pair of kicks at the beginning of seventh grade, and the same sneakers would still be crispy at the top of eighth grade using just some dishwashing soap and a soft toothbrush.

Sneaker Industry

I think most people think that sneaker culture is primarily an American thing, but it’s spread throughout the world in different ways.

Europe

European sneaker culture evolved to a huge degree during the ’80s and ’90s because they had Adidas. Adidas was huge then, and it remains huge now. Europe also had Terrace culture, soccer stadiums, and football stadiums. People would stand, watching sports matches, wearing general Adidas sneakers. You could almost call them sports shoes. They are made for training. They are made for anything.

Adidas has been turning out sneakers for years. In America, you’d be hard-pressed to tell which year or era a sneaker came from because they all looked very similar. In addition, many new shoes have been reintroduced as retro models. However, Adidas in Europe have more significant distinctions between them, so people who grew up with a specific model have more memory connections with that particular design.

Japan

I think the sneaker culture in Japan took a lot of inspiration from the American market and then hit it back to us. It’s almost like we served it to them before they returned it back to us with a whole lot of backspin on it.

Take a look at resale shops in New York or LA. such as Stadium Goods, Flight Club, or Rif LA. The iconic way that the sneakers are presented — shrinkwrapped on the shelves — is something that came over from Japan.

All of this came from a time when it seemed like Japan almost valued American culture more than we did. I remember a time when people in America were selling Air Jordans to people in Japan because they would pay top dollar for them. I’ve heard stories about people clearing out thrift stores of brands like Nike and Levis then selling them to people in Japan to make a profit. This was during a time when Japan cherished these things more than we did.

The Shift

The exchange with Japan eventually turned back around on America though. Japan started getting limited-edition things that America now wanted. Nike CO-JP program made shoes specifically for the Japanese shoe market. They got their own Dunks, Air Force Ones, and Colorways. These were marketed only in Japan, making them even more coveted here in America.

What started with Japanese consumers desperately wanting things from America turned into products being explicitly made for the Japanese market, then ended with American consumers desperately wanting products from Japan. There are still shoes to this day that are hard to find and highly coveted in America.

Export Sneaker Culture

During your online sneaker education, it’s important to take a look at new sneaker markets that are trying to open. Furthermore, study Nike or Adidas as they expand their markets in America. You’ll see that it’s difficult to expand a market like that at such a high level. Are they able to get American consumers who already own 100 pairs of shoes that they don’t know what to do with to buy even more? Maybe it’s better to open a Chinese or Indian market with billions of potential new consumers. Perhaps it’s better to try and export sneaker culture again and get it going somewhere else in their own way.

How Sneaker Media Really Emerged

I would say that to some degree, sneakers have always been aspirational. Stan Smith would be wearing a pair of tennis shoes, and you might think, wow, I could get the same pair of shoes as the guy who won Wimbledon. Then there’s also Eric Jordan being its own thing. But if you look at a show like MTV Cribs, that kind of brought it all together.

Before MTV Cribs, you would see a celebrity in whatever his or her role was, whether it be a rapper, or actor, or athlete, and you’d see bits and pieces of it. Maybe you would know what car they drove, or you’d see a picture of their house, but that show kind of brought everything together. Suddenly it was like, you would see the same person who owned a Rolls Royce or Ferrari, and a huge pool, and a 600-bedroom house with an entire closet dedicated to their sneakers.

That was the first time you really got to see inside a rapper or celebrity’s sneaker closet. Or, if you’re a sneaker-head, you probably remember the rapper Fat Joe opening up his crates of white Blanco Y Blanco Air Force Ones and licking the soles of them. And then there were just these moments when they’d go into the closets of celebrities, you would know who was really into shoes and who wasn’t.

Probably the biggest one was Fat Joe licking the bottom of his sneakers, which a lot of people then imitated to a degree. Hopefully, they didn’t lick their shoes for real, because as someone who’s been around plenty of pairs of new and old sneakers, I would not recommend it, as they definitely don’t taste very good.

Overall, though, it gave it all context. It showed you how important shoes were in relation to a lot of other things in their lives. Maybe someone didn’t have a t-shirt closet or a video game closet, but they would have a sneaker closet. They would have a room dedicated to their shoes. Maybe your parents didn’t quite get it but seeing that could have been something that helped clue them in. They could see that even if their kids made millions of dollars someday, they would still love sneakers.

If you have an interest in learning more about the sneaker industry or media, give online sneaker education a try. If you have an interest in a sneaker education, there’s no reason why you can’t get started learning right away.

How Social Media Affects the Sneaker Community

One popular trend in sneaker culture right now is unboxing videos. And the best unboxing videos are the ones that are the most creative, whether it be camera angles or the suspense of what’s going to be shown, or if it’s just that the product is such an amazing one that people need to see it. Those are a few of the things that make a good unboxing video. However, what also makes a good unboxing video is a good host. Someone who can interject humor into their own personality in a way that adds to the product. When the host is able to do that, it gives you a real reason to want to watch it.

For the most part, people are unboxing all of the same stuff. One of the biggest criticisms about sneaker media in general is that oftentimes, the hosts aren’t as informed as maybe they should be. They don’t necessarily take the time to do the research before getting on camera, but they’re still making statements without really knowing what they’re talking about.

So, if you’re going to make an unboxing video, or any type of sneaker YouTube video, you should go into it with an informed opinion, and probably already have an idea of the things that you’re going to say. Or, at least talk about a subject that you feel confident giving factual information about. This is a good idea because if you’re going to have potentially hundreds of thousands of people watching it, you don’t want to be giving them the wrong info.

There are thousands of sneaker-related Instagram and Twitter accounts out there that you can follow. But which ones are actually worth spending your time on? Well, it kind of depends what it is that you’re looking for. The brand accounts are kind of obvious because they’re going to end up in your feed regardless. Usually, it’s best to look for the accounts that can give you something you aren’t seeing elsewhere.

There are a lot of good resellers to follow. There are guys like @solestreetsneakerco in New York who sometimes have some good information before the official accounts really do. Vintage sellers are also worth following too because they show you a lot of history that you don’t necessarily see on regular sneaker websites. A couple of these are Gusto in Japan or Doggsfoot. They come out with posts showing crazy pairs that you totally forgot about, or didn’t even know existed.

Leaker accounts are also good to follow because they’ll show you what’s coming out way ahead of time. Some of these accounts, like @pinoe77 can help give you an idea of what’s going on behind the scenes in the sneaker industry.

Hashtags are important because they’re a fun way to talk to others in the sneaker community and create little moments around what people are discussing. We use them a lot on our show “Full Size Run,” just to reference moments that we’ve talked about before or reference the hashtag “team early.” That’s the hashtag that someone might post on Twitter or Instagram when they want to show off about getting a new pair of sneakers a couple of weeks ahead of time.

These are just a few of the ways that people in the sneaker industry and community use social media to interact and share information. And it’s great to see how the advancement of technology can really help grow these kinds of communities.

Online sneaker education allows you to learn more about how the sneaker industry and community have changed and evolved, and it’s the perfect way to get your sneaker education with nothing more than an internet connection.

How the Dynamics of the Sneaker Community Impact Your Work

The internet has become the ultimate equalizer for everyone to respectfully look the same. At the start of hip-hop culture, however, originality was a major rule. For example, if you showed up wearing a pair of shoes that no one else had, you’d get the question, “Where’d you get those?” — which also happens to be the title of a book by Bobbito Garcia.

That phrase was important to the hip-hop experience because originality is a serious law and rule to live by. If someone asked you where you got your shoes, you were not going to tell them. They just had to wait to see what you came up with next. You had to go and hunt for yourself if you wanted something that somebody else had.

The Sneaker Industry: Then vs. Now

These days, you don’t speak only about technology and how the internet has made it the ultimate equalizer, where anyone can get anything they see, anywhere, at any time — especially with e-commerce platforms. Now, you also have a new business model where certain companies are publicly traded on the stock market. When you have shareholders of sneaker companies that are publicly traded on the stock market, they want to see activity that is going to lead to a return on investment.

This means that sneaker companies cannot just mysteriously drop sneakers, place them on a wall, then report some numbers a few months later. The shareholder wants full communication on what’s happening. So, now you have release dates. You have all these different things that go into sharing the news about the latest product.

Now when this product releases, not only do the shareholders and others who care about the ROI know, but the sneaker lovers also know. That’s because everything is now on a 24/7 news cycle of full reporting, giving you release dates, colorways, and the stores where the new sneaker is going to be sold.

This new way of doing things has totally shattered that rule of originality that folks like myself lived by for so long. So, in the early 2000s, with the popularity of sneakers, you had people starting to create their own websites, discussion groups, and forums online discussing their love of the shoes. Since this was uncharted territory, you had certain chat rooms and discussion forums online where there was a lot of common ground.

The Start of the Online Sneaker Education Movement

People shared an interest in talking about certain brands of sneakers. This led to a sort of flea market behind the scenes, where people would buy, sell, and trade them. People would report their thoughts about certain shoes and stories connected to them. This tightly tied into that whole sneaker community vibe.

The sneaker media really expanded when sneaker companies began to put money behind some of these companies to give them seeded product. This means they were getting product for free, which leaned them toward reporting more about one brand over another.

For example, when you’re a person like me — with 29 brands of sneakers in my closet — you looked at the sneaker media online, and after a while, in those media outlets and forums, you started only seeing reports, praise, and coverage for maybe two or three brands. This influence was not lost on the sportswear and sneaker companies themselves.

Quality Sneaker Education Is Hard To Come By

These manufacturers knew that they had to get in on the ground floor of gaining influence with the sneaker journalists. Some companies operated with little or no influence, so they remained purely impartial. Those companies were the ones that were actually able to give the consumer a real take on the good versus the bad — that this shoe does what it says it’s going to do, while that one makes claims it really can’t live up to — while addressing price, quality, and things like that.

Now, there really isn’t a lot of neutrality in reporting because of the corporate influence on the sneaker journalist. So, because their sites are now owned by major corporations, a lot of sneaker journalists have to march to a corporate policy and watch what they say about certain sneaker companies because there are ad dollars at stake.

There are business deals at stake. There are still some companies that will give you a true consumer reporting experience about the sneaker and its related products. But as a whole, the sneaker media outlets have become tainted over time.

Improving the Sneaker Industry

I think the entire industry needs to operate with a little more impartiality and honesty. There are still outlets out there that can give you that. You’ll have a true picture of what the product is that’s representing the industry these days.

I think internet culture has been super important to the way sneaker culture has grown and changed. In the earliest days, you had message boards like NikeTalk. You had the earliest version of the SLAM website, which was updated maybe once a day. It is really funny to think about how it would get just one update a day that included all the new information.

Now everything changes all the time. I think on one hand, it’s easier than ever to keep up and be on that leading edge. You’re going to get your push notifications not only from the actual sneaker companies through the SNKRS app or Adidas CONFIRMED app, but you’re probably also going to get pushes from Complex, Highsnobiety, and SLAM — often about the same exact show, probably with a very similar story.

I mean, look, we all have jobs to do. I think we do them well. At some point, a sneaker is a sneaker, and whatever you read about is going to tell you pretty much the same thing. So as much as all of us are editors, writers, and whatever else, you kind of have to be your own editor of this stuff. Maybe I’m shooting myself in the foot here, but you don’t have to follow everybody who talks about sneakers because you’re going to hear a lot of the same things from them all.

Finding Legit Online Sneaker Education

If you’re getting overwhelmed by the information, photos, or whatever else, you can can adjust that. You know the funny thing is that, in the earliest days of the sneaker internet, there wasn’t enough. Everyone was asking, “Who’s the plug?”, “Who’s giving us the best information?”, “Where can I find the photo of this sample Air Jordan that’s floating around?”, and “Where can I find a better photo of it?”

In many cases, the answer was nowhere because you would have a shot of a shoe on a conference table that someone smuggled out of headquarters, and that was all. Now there’s almost too much. Nike or adidas will do their promo push on a shoe. Minutes or seconds later, everyone in the sneaker internet, whether a publication or a person, will push out that same information.

So, it might seem like a flood, but it’s a flood of the same things. If you cut it down to specifically what the product is, there’s probably a lot less out there than you think. It’s just a matter of finding the right places to get it.

The good thing is there are a lot of answers to that. There is no wrong place to get it, unless you’re looking at sites selling fakes, which I don’t really advise. For legit info, feel free to pick amongst all of us. Pick amongst everyone. Find the one that suits you best, and you really can’t go wrong.

The Impact of Brand Sponsorships in Sports

Part of a good online sports management education includes understanding how sponsorships affect sports. Sponsorships are major sources of revenue for sports management teams and athletes, but they can cause problems.

In 2015, Nick Symmonds was a successful American athlete who dominated in global sports events. He was an 800-meter runner and an eight-time national champion. He had competed in multiple Olympic Games and was about to compete in the track and field world championships with Team USA.

His personal sponsor was Brooks Running, but Nike sponsored the USA track and field team. All the athletes had to sign a release saying that they would only wear Nike products while representing Team USA. This type of conflict isn’t something typically covered in sports management education.

Symmonds felt that it was unclear if or when he could wear his Brooks Running gear. He refused to sign the release and had to forfeit his eligibility to compete in the world championships.

Sports sponsorships are definitely something that can impact athletes in their careers if these kinds of rivalries crop up and they’re asked to represent one brand as part of a group while as individuals they’re supposed to represent another.

The Impact of Venue Design Through Global Sports

The venue is a really important place for consumers. Not only do they spend a lot of time there, but it’s a direct representation of any given sports organization. What sports teams have done in the present time, according to online sports management education, is try to represent their brand through the given venue.

This can be seen through different examples, whether they want to just have a kind of fun, playful atmosphere. There’s a minor league baseball team specifically named after a Simpsons episode. Anytime Homer Simpson plays a game in any one of the Simpsons episodes, he’s known to play for a team called Isotopes. There is a minor league baseball team that has named itself the New Mexico Isotopes and it actually utilizes its field as a way to kind of showcase The Simpsons. The venue has a number of different Simpsons characters all over the venue, and it’s a way to kind of represent their brand, not only as a baseball team, but it’s a way to represent the brand that speaks to the idea that they are a fun team — that they’re a fun fan team that’s willing to interact with the fans through various different types of fun gimmicks.

Sports Management Using the Venue for Brand Emphasis

There are a number of different examples of how sports teams can utilize their stadium to represent their brand. The New York Mets are a great example with Citi Field. Their Citi Field venue is constructed and looks almost identical to what was Ebbets Field. This was an old New York team that would go and play at the Ebbets Field, so the New York Mets are able to construct a field almost as a kind of memorable way to remember Ebbets Field. It doesn’t mean that we are an old-school New York team. It’s more so emphasizing the fact that the New York Mets are a New York team, and that speaks to the brand. The idea of constructing the stadium after Ebbets Field really speaks to the idea of honing in on their New York side of the brand.

Venus can help the community kind of come together because they share some collective meaning in terms of what the brand means to them. If they want to represent themselves as New Yorkers and they want to go to a Mets game, they want to feel that the Mets can allow them to see themselves as New Yorkers. When they go to the venue and they see Ebbets Field, it reminds them of old school New York. And it kind of re-emphasizes this whole idea that, “I’m a New Yorker visiting this New York historic site.”

It’s interesting that the Mets within Citi Field also have a dedication as the Jackie Robinson rotunda where the number “42” is there. It allows certain members of the community (the African-American community specifically), to kind of feel a connection with the Mets that they can say, “the Mets truly represent something that I value,” which is the whole idea of an important player that’s very relevant to my history.

As to what consumers would want in any given ballpark, it’s going to depend on the sport. Sports management education explains, for example, a football game is going to be a lot of consumers directly paying attention to the football game. It’s all filled with action, but there are only actually eight full-time home games so consumers only get a chance to go to one stadium eight times throughout the year. Whereas with baseball, for example, there are 162 games in the season and therefore 81 home games. In fact, baseball might not be as action-packed as would a basketball or football game. You have 81 different chances to go to a sporting event and there’s kind of some downtime throughout. What you’ll see is that football stadiums are not as likely as baseball stadiums are to offer community events. Baseball stadiums offer a social setting because the sport and the season allow it to have these types of social gathering opportunities.

The Importance of Sports and Support Systems

One thing you might learn about in sports management education, is that playing sports can frequently be one of the best ways to boost your confidence and develop a sense of self-worth that can last you for a lifetime. However, for this to happen, it requires both a strong support system and a safe space to fail.

You need someone who’s going to be constructively critical of the mistakes you make, and also make it clear that you’re going to improve. Without having that, sports can become a venue for developing a significant fear of failure, especially if someone’s in your ear beating you down every time you do something wrong.

Really, it falls back on parents and coaches and the programming they use to build a culture around children that enables them to feel good and strong, even when they lose or perform poorly. This kind of thing has the potential to build that confidence and self-esteem, and we can see it when it happens.

We see it come through in education. We see it come through later on in life and career. When treated the right way, sports can absolutely instill these wonderful values, self-worth and confidence. But it has to be directed, at least to a degree, because otherwise it could have a negative effect instead. Having people around you who are positive, encouraging and supportive can really make all the difference in the world.

If you’d like to learn more about the role of sports in personal development, as well as many other useful lessons concerning sports management and global sports, consider giving online sports management education a shot.

The Many Ways That Sports Positively Impacts Society

Sports has the power to impact society in a profound way. It has the ability to elevate the marginalized and unite people who otherwise have significant differences. These are just a couple of the ways in which it can have a major positive effect.

So, why is that? What is it about sports that makes it so impactful? Well, first of all, it has enormous reach and penetration. In the United States, 81% of all people follow these activities in some capacity or another. And the fact that they reach so many people means that they’re pervasive, touching followers in many different ways.

There’s something about it that really engenders a deep emotional connection. It draws us in; it bonds us. It also makes the athletes and teams that we follow influencers. Because they have that impact on us, it means that they have a voice, and they can create change.

Yet another way that sporting competition has an impact lies within the very nature of the concept itself—the construct of it. The rules essentially create fair play. When you think about it, this means that on the field of play, gender doesn’t matter, race doesn’t matter, religion and political beliefs don’t matter. Everyone is coequal.

What distinguishes athletes is their effort, their performance on any given day, and their skill. In a way, it’s the ultimate meritocracy. And this is powerful, because in our everyday lives, it’s not always like that, is it?

These are some of the things that make sports unique and different. As a result, there are so many examples of the ways that it is transforming society. Chelsea FC of the English Premier League is a great example of this. They’ve embarked on a “Say No to Anti-Semitism” campaign. They have used their influence to essentially point out the darkness of anti-Semitism.

We have a faculty member from our program at the NYU Tisch Institute who spent part of her summer in Rwanda teaching young girls how to play soccer. She has many stories about soccer’s ability to empower these young women and make them realize there is a world out there that they otherwise wouldn’t have been exposed to. We could go on and on with similar examples about the positive impacts that sports can have.

If you dig deeper and learn more about these topics, you will see many examples of how athletic competition can impact society, not only in terms of its ability to engage fans but from a participant’s point of view as well. It can also do so much to build self-esteem and improve our very health and physical fitness.

Do you have interest in a career in sports management or the world of global sports? If so, consider online sports management education. You may just find that gaining a sports management education can be much simpler and more pleasant than you expected.

The Mutually Beneficial Partnership of Media and Sports

One thing that can be said about the relationship between media and sports is that they really work well together, even at the toughest times. Media feeds both sports and sport businesses. As the world has changed and technology has advanced and evolved, people seem to want more detailed information about a lot of the same things.

For example, when we follow a particular team or club, everybody wants to know all of the general information, but they want to know more than that as well. Obviously, they want to know the scores and how the players are doing, but they also want to know the inside information of what’s happening in the locker room, in the training room, and how the players are feeling. There is so much demand out there for all of this information. Given the state of the media landscape, especially online, it’s clear that content is king and distribution is maybe even more important.

One thing we’re able to do now is to look at how people are able to locate the specific info that they want about a particular player, team, or game, and also figure out what it means to them, when and how they want to receive it, etc.

Media provides a level of stability to the sports ecosystem. The contracts that the media has with the leagues, teams, and even conferences in collegiate athletics provide a level of stability when it comes to revenue streams that those entities can count on year to year. And for the most part, large American sport franchises and leagues rely on the media contract as a prediction of what they can spend on salaries.

Most of the North American leagues have salary caps that are loosely tied to the growth in media contracts. Therefore, as the media contracts increase, it ups the amount that the teams can spend on their players. It’s typical for both the media contracts and collective bargaining agreements that govern players to have coterminous maturity. This means that the contracts will mature around the same time. They do this because the media outlets want to know that the teams will be playing, and the teams and/or players want to know that the media revenues will be available to pay them.

Do you want to learn more about how media deals with sports teams work? If so, you can learn about sports management and global sports marketing with online sports management education. There’s no better way to get the sports management education you’re looking for without leaving your home.

The Popularity and Strength of College Sports in America

The United States is the only country in the world with a highly popular and celebrated college athletic program. Furthermore, the United States is the only country in the world with an industry that caters specifically to the popularity of this niche in sports – an industry worth billions of dollars per year. What makes collegiate athletics so popular among the American public, and why are institutions of higher-learning so beholden to this particular business, when venturing into other types of businesses might be enticing?

Money is the name of the game where collegiate athletics is concerned, and Americans can thank the very first director of the NCAA, Walter Byers, for this revolution in sports. Byers invented a concept, a fictional character known as the student athlete. At the time, Byers was about to be sued by an injured player who was hurt during a football game. The student had asked Byers to pay for his hospital costs; however, Byers reckoned, if the NCAA did this, the institution would have to pay all college athletes’ hospital bills. Even more, the NCAA might have to be classified as “employees” which would make them eligible for workers’ compensation claims. This, of course, presented a possibly gargantuan expense for the sports management organization.

In order to avoid classifying these injured athletes as employees and to prevent the NCAA having to pay for each and every students’ hospital bills, Byers came up with the term “student athlete,” and the courts bought it. The system did so even when presented with evidence that these students spent anywhere from 40 to 60 hours per week “working” at practice, playing in events, and traveling to and from said events.

Since then, student athletes have been exempted from anti-trust issues and exploitation – all because the National Collegiate Athletics Association classifies them as student athletes rather than employees.

At the same time, the NCAA is raking in billions of dollars each year in the form of sponsorships from different athletic brands, partnerships with popular companies, and the ever-important media rights. There are stories that many of these student athletes go hungry, yet they get no payment for the time they spend on the playing field or otherwise representing their school. They do get tuition, but there are those who would argue that these students do not go to school in the traditional sense.

There are a great deal of court cases in the system at the current time that are challenging the idea of the unpaid student athlete in sports. States across the country are beginning to allow for student athletes to ink deals with sponsors such as clothing brands in order to win endorsements and make money. There are many universities and other interests, however, that are unwilling to let the money-making student athlete go so easily.

There are those who believe the student athlete should be treated like a professional and they encourage sports management education. Perhaps college level baseball could be an off-shoot of the minors in Major League Baseball; perhaps American schools should develop a system more like that of Europe’s, where the Global Sports student athlete is treated differently. In Europe, if a student wishes to play professional sports as a student, then the Academy in question tells the student in no uncertain terms what is about to happen. They tell the student that they will be marketed with some pay, but not on the same scale as a professional in a major athletic league. If the student agrees to this, then at least the playing field is level.