Destination Marketing and Placemaking: Hotels And How They Market

The hotel company Marriott is a global leader with 29 brands, 6,800 locations in 150 countries, and various lifestyle brands. They also have an element, which is an extended stay. They have Aloft, a sort of an innovator in this space for Gen X and millennials. Then they have Moxy, which is probably targeting Generation Z, which will be a customer group in the future. So those are the brands. And then they also have AC Hotel, which is a company they bought. It’s a European Spanish company. And that profile, sort of a Spanish lifestyle with tapas and other Spanish cuisines in New York City.
How Does the Consumer Differentiate These Brands?
And having 29 brands, it’s a challenge because of consumer demand- the same consumer might be a business traveler during the week and leave a traveler during the weekend. The brands need to position themselves very clearly in the marketplace. The challenge is that the same customer can use the brand for different purposes.
Luxury
Within Mariott’s luxury category, there are two subsets. St. Regis and Ritz Carlton fall in the classic luxury subset. They also have distinctive luxury, which is the joint venture between Bill Marriott and Ian Schrager.
Ian Schrager is an innovator in the 1980s after Bill Clinton. Bill Clinton created the first boutique hotel in San Francisco with the theme. And then Ian Schrager and his partner, Steve Rubell, who founded Studio 54, got stuck with the hotel. That’s how that segment started to evolve. Ian talks about host boutique hotels, which are also called lifestyle hotels. So what makes them different? The consumer who considers a lifestyle brand has a solid affinity for it because it is part of their lifestyle.
Lifestyle Brands
Lifestyle brands emulate the customer’s life versus traditional brands that offer a standard fare. A customer seeking a New York City experience may choose two hotels, where they’ll stay for, say, seven days. The hotels they pick will be ones that really cater to their needs and desires.

Destination Marketing and Placemaking: Module Overview

Dr. Jukka Laitamaki is a clinical professor at New York University SBS Jonathan M. Tisch Center for Hospitality. His background is management consulting and he holds a doctorate from Cornell Hotel School. His expertise is in strategy, branding, and business development.

With his background in management consulting, Dr. Laitamaki was with McKinsey and Company and Service Management Group, and worked in the hospitality industry in several sectors in Europe and the United States. As a professor, he has taught in all six continents in executive programs.

An avid world explorer, Dr. Laitamaki has traveled to a total of 63 countries. He has also spoken at the United Nations. His most recent research is on sustainable tourism and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage sites. He has focused on Cuba which has 11 sites and four historic city centers.

Sustainable development, especially in tourism hospitality, is very important to Dr. Laitamaki. The principle that we should leave this planet in a better condition than we received it for the future generation is important. UNESCO does wonderful work in preserving many historic, cultural, and natural sites.

Sustainability in the hotel sector is also important because it saves energy. More consumers, especially millennials, are looking for environmentally conscious companies. Companies like Marriott, for instance, has a brand called Element, which is an extended stay brand. Element is very energy efficient and uses recycled materials for their buildings from floor to ceiling.

With this online hospitality education course you will learn about the tourism industry. You will learn about global destinations as well as a lot about New York City. Why do consumers come here? You will learn about hotels and how consumers choose hotels, cruises, and car rental services. You will learn about this growing industry and how it’s transforming.

Destination Marketing and Placemaking: Success Criteria for Hotels

How do you know what makes a great hotel? Well, consumers can use TripAdvisor. They can look at consumer reports. And they can find out what the most preferred brands are. If you look at the JD Power list, you’ll see all the best hotel companies. These comparison companies use specific criteria to rank hotels. Often it is based on the service, location, loyalty program, and facilities provided. But there could also be other criteria considered.

Think about restaurant ranking lists. For instance, the Zagat survey is a respected publication that ranks and rates restaurants. They look at the food service and decor. And they use a zero-to-five-point scale. Bernardin and other New York restaurants usually top global restaurant rankings. So, these are just some of the ways to set a benchmark and make your restaurant or hotel successful. Similarly, you can use a list like the 6A to help make your destination successful globally.

To understand what makes a hotel successful, you need to follow and understand your customer’s journey. Firstly, they dream about staying in a destination and hotel. Then they do their research. Following this, they choose the hotel, make the reservation, travel to the hotel, check-in, stay and check out. Finally, the hotel keeps in touch with them by asking them to review their stay and persuade them to sign up for their loyalty program.

During their stay, the room experience is essential. Rooms don’t have to be big to be good. A small room can have efficient service. If you are in a luxury hotel, the room has more amenities. So, again, the room is important. As is the food and beverage service. What services does the hotel provide? Remember, overall service quality is also critical.

Administrative processes are also vital to making your hotel successful. The check-in process, the check-out process, and overall customer satisfaction. Not to mention the cost and the fees. How much do you pay for a hotel? Because above all else, it’s always about value for money.
Yes, people in New York City pay over $1,000 for a room at the Mandarin Oriental, Four Seasons, Ritz Carlton, St. Regis, or Peninsula. And that’s because they offer value for the price, and they feel it’s a reasonable, fair rate.

However, in comparison, at independent hotels like Moxy and Lifestyle hotels, people may pay $200-300 for a night’s stay. So you’re likely not expecting as much. However, it is still good value for money as although what you get in those hotels is less than the more expensive hotels above, it’s relatively competitive for the rate you pay.

When you consider all the criteria above, you will understand precisely what it takes to have a successful hotel that people want to stay at.

Destination Marketing and Placemaking: The Six A’s of Destination Marketing

New York City competes against Paris and London. These are all known cities.
But if you want to start a tourism destination, there are six things that need to happen. I have developed this framework called the Six As.

The first is awareness. You need to build it. How do you do that? You may want to have some world-class events taking place in your destination. For instance, Finland organizes crazy competitions like marsh football. Teams play football in a marsh and then in a swamp. They also organize a wife-carrying competition. You carry your wife, and you have to be legally wedded.

In addition, they organize throwing cell phones and rubber boards, which gets the country publicity — global publicity. So, that would be one of many ways to create buzz and awareness.

Then, you need attractions. New York City has an amazing set of attractions, from Central Park to museums.

Then, you need activities. In New York, you have a fashion week, a lot of trade shows, and the New York City Marathon. So these are world-class activities, that also bring awareness to the destination. More often than not, they’re the reason to visit New York City.

Out of those attractions and activities, you can form associations or consumer forums associations, which is basically their perception of the destination. When you hear the word New York City, what comes to mind? It could be the New York City Marathon; it could be some of the movies (e.g., When Harry Met Sally).

So, New York City is a place for movie making, which helps put the destination on the map. And there are actual tours; people go around New York City to hunt down the places where the movies were made. That’s a great way to create associations.

Then, you need access. Access is, especially for international tourists, the flights. How many direct flights from your home country come to JFK or Newark? And then how do you get to the hotel? How is ground transportation organized? In this case, airports — like LaGuardia — are behind the many international airports. But they are investing in this. So, we need to have very good access from the airport to the city and back.

Finally, it’s affordability. That’s the A number six. How much does it cost?

I benchmarked places like Arctic destinations in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Greenland, and Alaska. I measured all these items, including affordability. Of course, you take a perspective. In my case, I studied a tourist from New York City who wants to go on an arctic holiday.

The most competitive was Iceland. Alaska was the most known. But when it came to activities and attractions, Finland offered the best. So, this is the way to do it.
You can calculate the actual cost using search engines like Kayak, which gives you the airfares and four-star hotel rates.

I did one about jazz festivals around the world. You have to factor in how much it costs for five days to attend a jazz festival in Havana, Montreal.

These are the necessary things. In summary, the six A’s you need are awareness, attractions, activities, associations, access, and affordability.

Esports Media and League Marketing: Marketing Analytics & Data

 “So much of marketing around esports is done very differently than it is around traditional consumer experiences or traditional consumer products,” Explains Wim Stocks. “Using influencers and building influencer involvement with a particular campaign is a special set of understandings. That’s a really important role.”

“For us, it’s analytics. A huge part of our business from how we improve our events to how we improve our player experiences are all derived from the analytics around an event, a player’s participation in the event, what our stream looked like, how we’ve engaged an audience for our streams. Those are all very analytics driven, and those are huge opportunities in the esports space.”

“How does one incorporate data and what is the importance of data and knowing it and knowing the importance of it, etc. within our business landscape?” Jonathan Sumers asks. “It’s extremely important because in the digital world one of the benefits of digital and social media in general when we speak to partners and potential partners is the measurability the fact that you can track it. You can target it. You can measure it.”

“It provides all that information. I tell people all the time that the analytics debate in traditional sports is funny. It’s been happening over the most recent years, where people feel as if you either are an analytics person 100% or you’re an old-school iTest person.”

“Obviously, the answer is somewhere in between, right? Numbers and data are information. Information is power. The more information you have, the more leverage you have, the better position you’re going to be in in any circumstance, personal or professional,” Says Sumers.

“If we can gather as much data, whether it be performance of our social post for our partners or nonbranded posts or how many viewers we have per stream or how long they watch per stream or how many unique viewers, etc. that’s all crucial to the story we’re telling as we go into these partnership meetings and other meetings because they tell the story of our brand.”

“If you’re going to hold a traditional sporting event, and your venue holds 20,000 people, you can’t hold the game and not tell people afterwards how many fans showed up. You scroll to the bottom of that box where it tells you the attendance of every game. Numbers, data, and information are crucial across the board and even more so in esports because it is a digital-first property.”

Games for Good: Charity

This last year for Christmas, we helped raise $1,200 for the VFW to give 20 families a Christmas. We even got everything on their list. One of those things that I was passionate about — I threw my funds in on top of it to make sure I got it done — was the PS4 for a young kid from a veteran family with a missing father.

People come to me sometimes and they’re like, “I got a cause” — like the VFW. One of them messaged me privately, and I vetted him. I got his information; I got his 401C, and I got his bank account information so that I knew they were legitimate.

That is the primary goal: If you are going to do any kind of fundraising, you don’t deal with the cash yourself. Also, make sure you vet the people you’re giving the money to.

Besides that, we also do things like suicide-prevention strain streams. The last one we did was 35 minutes in from my end. I put seven streamers together — two of which were veterans because that’s our most at-risk community for suicide prevention.

Right behind them were us — gamers and streamers because a lot of us are alone or introverts and we struggle to communicate outside of ourselves. However, gaming allows us to open up.

So, when doing suicide prevention awareness, we’re not asking for donations; we’re just asking people to be aware, to reach out to people, and to let them know they’re not alone.

There are many opportunities to do things without money or without asking for money, since, sometimes, that’s a turnoff.

In summary, vet who you’re going to work with. Then, make sure that you’re going to represent them while you’re doing what you’re doing. That way you don’t reflect poorly on their cause because you’re their face at the moment.

Games for Good: Medical Gamification

Let’s take a closer look at medical gamification and how tools from the gaming industry can be used for gaming that is designed for our wellbeing and health.

“In medicine in general, I have not seen a lot of cases where gains have been fully integrated,” explains Maria Hwang. “It is more gamification, meaning there are game aspects that are added to whatever system they have, whether that’s an application or that’s a whole infrastructure and people go through certain steps to accomplish their goals.”

Maria goes on to explain, “It is a little bit unfortunate coming from a game designer perspective to see that it’s just using one element of games that are sometimes we like to say it’s tricking the patients.”

So you provide incentives. For example, for type 2 diabetics, we want them to log their meals. So every time you log something, you get a point for something. Every time you take a picture of your meal, you get a point. Every time you log your glucose measures, you get a badge.

Then you share that with your other friends, then you get a social media badge or not. Those are the superficial gamification aspects that we’re putting into these apps or infrastructures, says Maria. That will incentivize the patients to do something that they don’t want to do.

“From what I can tell, that’s the extent of how games are being used in medicine. We can go a little bit further and take advantage of all the affordances of games and make it more beautiful.”

Some efforts have been made in terms of mental health. There’s a lot of games that address mental health. It’s a full-blown game where people play it in and, some communities talk about the characters, the issues, the conflicts they resolved inside the game, and really from that, they’re healing and doing therapy. The goal is to keep relaxed. This is the neurofeedback headset that it comes with.

There’s one sensor right here at the front that is reading your brainwaves. The more relaxed you are, the bigger your midnight grows in the game. We have been trying to teach kids if you change the way they think, then the world out there looks different. It’s an incredibly powerful metaphor, says Maria. So, there are efforts in that area.

Maria explains that from a game designer perspective, the majority seen is only using superficial incentivized aspects of games, at least in medicine.

But it’s changing.

Games for Good: The Future of Medical Games

From advances in virtual reality (VR) technology to more basic play, gaming is increasingly used to help people heal and manage illnesses and disorders of all kinds.

For example, VR is a great space for healthcare providers looking to utilize games for good to treat patients. Those suffering from body dysmorphic disorder can use VR to make them feel more comfortable in their own bodies; additionally, soldiers suffering from PTSD have been found to benefit from VR treatment as well. One study followed soldiers who, after incorporating VR, saw a tremendous decrease in PTSD-related symptoms.

Voice technology like Amazon’s Alexa devices have also proved helpful in dealing with health issues. For example, communicating with individuals who are type 2 diabetic, who have a certain lifestyle, and family members who are not. Voice communication technology can help avoid conflicts not just by start dialogues, but also by tracking what food is available in the fridge and proposing recipes that can accommodate type 2 diabetic family members as well as a those who are unafflicted.

Now, imagine if this voice communication system adds game elements to the process to create a more fun, engaging experience. Here’s a scenario: there’s a certain amount of ingredients left in your fridge, and Alexa provides potential recipes you could make. By adding gaming elements, perhaps family members can participate in a cooking competition together, with points awarded for including more protein as opposed to carbs.

This is just one example for how to make treating a medical issue, especially chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, a less exhausting, more engaging experience. Instead of individuals feeling like they must apologize for perceived inconveniences caused by their illness, they can make it something fun and invite others to participate in their lifestyle. If gaming can be a vehicle for achieving that, it could be a huge win for not just the medical community, but the gaming community as well.

Gaming Communities Overview: A Community for Everything

Community is a big component to the gaming industry. According to Maria Hwang, community is essential and one of the most beautiful aspects of games, especially in the modern day.
In these communities people learn how to strategize, how to talk to each other, what not to say, what to say, what was courteous, what was not courteous, and what was the decorum. In a lot of MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) you form groups and teams inside the game and then you do missions together.
Anything you can think of that’s in a game has a community that it’s involved in, where you interact with people around the world at any time of the day. This is a strong aspect of the whole gaming community.
League of Legends is a great example. There’s a new fancy skin with Louis Vuitton that just came out, and now people discuss what kind of skins they should choose and how much to invest on that. That is a community and you’re meeting new people through that.
The Twitch Plays Pokémon is another wonderful example of how communities were generated because of that specific gaming genre. Players realized they needed to talk to each other if they wanted to beat this game. From there they created groups where they could get together and strategize. This brought communities together and it generated all these beautiful online discussions.
It is just an incredible positive affordance that games have because people inherently and intrinsically love to play games. They want to win, and only through shared knowledge via a community can you achieve that. There are outlier games where you can win all by yourself. But it only gets stronger when you talk to each other, plan together, collaborate, and get some tips.

Gaming Communities Overview: Social Affinities and Gaming Groups

Games do very well when it comes to the notion of affinity space, according to educational scholar James Paul Gee. If you like a game like World of Warcraft and you have a strong interest in it, you can visit a site on the internet dedicated to the game. Many such sites exist. And in many cases, the websites link to each other. On these sites, you can join a group of people who share your interests or passion. There are all sorts of activities you can partake in, explains Gee. You can review, strategize, theory craft, and mod. You can even set up gameplay. You can redesign, make apps – there is a wealth of possibilities!

And soon, this affinity space will be recognised as a physical space. If you’re at a conference or playing in a land party, you may be in a physical space, but you could also be in a virtual one. As Gee explains, an affinity space comprises of a group of people joined together by interest and passion, because you can take that interest as far as you want. It’s a place where everybody can teach and learn. You teach what you know well while also learning from others at every level of expertise.

Through affinity spaces, games are not only offering a portal into a world where you can show off your problem solving and use the tools listed above, but they’re also giving you a common identity. Not an identity as an American, or White, or Black, but as a World of Warcraft player – a new type of identity in the world.

There are now affinity spaces for everything you can imagine. And they are not only a very powerful way of organizing learning, but also organizing membership, belonging, and identity. As we’re learning today, human beings only feel safe to others, and happy with themselves if they feel they belong, matter, and can participate. Unfortunately, lots of people in America don’t believe that what they do really matters anymore, or that they really are participating in their society. This mentality can make people physically ill.

In extreme cases, it can also become dangerous, warns Gee. Sadly, human beings will take participation and meaning wherever they can find it. So if they can’t find it in a good cause, they’ll find it in a bad one. White supremacist groups are affinity spaces. So was ISIS. So are all of the tremendous networks of physical and virtual spaces through which rich people hide their money offshore. They’re well organized and the people involved learn a lot from each other. They’re very powerful and they give a strong sense of belonging. But they can be dangerous to us. So, Gee recommends that anyone designing affinity spaces for good intentions such as video games should learn how they worked in-game, because the game designers understand their game’s community and intentions.